buy custom Anxiety Disorders essay

purchase custom Anxiety Disorders exposition Nervousness issue are a gathering of psychological wellness issues that effects around 40 million grown-up Americans. Sooner or later throughout everyday life, in any event one out of four individuals have a nervousness issue that need treatment eventually. Uneasiness issue concede per individual, while others have less serious tensions like dread of snakes or creepy crawlies thus need not look for treatment, others have extreme nerves that they should be dealt with. This paper will talk about clutters, groupings, finding and treatment of uneasiness issue (ADs). Sorts of Anxiety Disorders Tension issue are characterized into the accompanying; Frenzy Disorder Frenzy issue is named a genuine disorder that is described by unexpected dread assaults joined by shortcoming, faintness, dampness and tipsiness. During the assaults, individuals influenced by the condition feel chilled while their hands feel numb or might be shivering while they might be encountering queasiness, torment particularly in the chest or a few sensations. Fits of anxiety produce a feeling of illusion and the dread of losing control (National establishment of psychological well-being). Individuals with this sort of condition accept that they experience the ill effects of coronary episodes, can lose their psyches or are in the skirt of biting the dust. They influenced individuals can't anticipate when or where the following assault can happen. Fits of anxiety happen whenever even while snoozing and keep going for around 10 minutes or in some cases more. The condition influences around 6 million American grown-ups and is normal in ladies than men and the condition starts in late youthfulness. The condition starts as a fit of anxiety in spite of the fact that not all fits of anxiety lead to freeze issue. The propensity to have a fit of anxiety is connected to legacy. Frenzy issue is one of the above all else different scatters and early treatment of condition is prescribed to dodge agrophobia. The condition reacts well to most drug or to subjective psychotherapy. Treatment for the most part is to help the patient change thinking designs that prompts dread and later tension. Different conditions like melancholy, liquor misuse can be dealt with independently (National establishment of emotional wellness). Fixation Compulsive Disorder (OCD) This is a condition that is described by tenacious upsetting fixations (musings) and the utilization of customs (impulses) to control the tension delivered by the contemplations. Generally the impulses wind up controlling the patients (Dr. Mulholland). A model is an individual who is fixated on earth, he/she builds up an impulse to wash hands once in a while on the off chance that it is for interlopers they might be bolting and opening the entryway a few times before resting. Exaggerating such impulses is anything but a pleasurable thought in spite of the fact that it delivers a fleeting alleviation from the over the top musings. OCD influences about 2.2 million American grown-ups. The difficult at that point might be joined by other uneasiness issue or result into a downturn and can show up in youth, adolescences or early adulthood. Examination shows that OCD may run in certain families. COD indications change after some time however on the off chance that serious the condition can shield one from conveying typical obligations either at home or work. Fortunately, OCD reacts well to treatment with utilization of specific prescriptions and psychotherapy in which loosens up the patient and become less delicate (National organization of psychological wellness). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is a tension that creates after a specific frightening trial like a physical damage or a danger for the equivalent or by seeing a hurtful even. PTSD results from an assortment of horrible accidents like torment, assault, robbing, being seized or regular alarming occasion like tidal waves or floods. Individuals with the condition assuage the aggravation in their musings or as bad dreams when snoozing in what is called flashbacks. These flashbacks comprise of pictures, emotions, smell or sounds by these events. These flashbacks may cause an individual to put some distance between the real world and have the inclination that the occurrence is going on once more (National establishment of emotional well-being). Side effects start three months after the occurrence occurred and may develop years subsequently. Diverse influenced individuals have changing PSTD while others don't grow even a minor PSTD. A few people may recoup inside a brief period while others may take longer yet in certain individuals the condition become incessant. The condition might be joined by despondency, substance misuse or result into progressively other nervousness issue. PSTD influences about 7.7 million grown-up Americans however the condition can influence any individual of all ages and ladies are known to almost certain build up the condition than men in spite of the fact that proof proposes that powerlessness may run in families. Specific sorts of medication and psychotherapy are known to treat PSTD indications successfully. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) This is a tension that is created from dread of shame or embarrassment in social spots like out in the open talking. It is analyzed when individuals become very and exorbitantly reluctant in social circumstances. Individuals with the condition build up an extraordinary and relentless dread of being decided by others or by humiliating themselves. Numerous individuals may understand that they have the issue however can't conquer their feelings of trepidation (National establishment of psychological well-being). Side effects for the confusion incorporate reddening, trouble in talking and perspiring. The condition influences around 15 million grown-up Americans and ladies are well on the way to build up the condition than men. It starts in youth or at early immaturity. The condition can be dealt with effectively with utilization of specific drugs or psychotherapy. Explicit Phobias A particular fear is depicted as an extraordinary, outrageous and uncertain dread of explicit conditions or things that have no evident mischief or causes no particular peril. A portion of the basic explicit fears incorporate those focused on burrows, statures, flying, driving, pooches or wounds coming about to shedding of blood. Individuals with this sort of dread think that its difficult to confront the dreaded item or condition as it causes extreme uneasiness (National foundation of emotional wellness). This condition influences 19.2 million grown-up American and it is twice in ladies as in men. Showing up in youth, explicit fears continue into adulthood in spite of the fact that examination proposes that it might run in families. Explicit fears are known to react to focused psychotherapy and influenced individuals ought to maintain a strategic distance from the circumstance that causes nervousness. Summed up Anxiety Disorder (GAD) This is portrayed by a steady, troubled inclination that something awful will occur. Individuals experiencing misrepresented stress are excessively worried over their wellbeing, accounts, work or family issues. Stray is for the most part analyzed when an individual keeps stressing over specific issues for over a half year and the individual appears not to dispose of their interests notwithstanding understanding that they have an issue. Manifestations incorporate inability to unwind, concentrate or experiencing difficulty dozing. Physical indications incorporate weariness, muscle throb, trembling, cerebral pains, perspiring, hot flashes and naausea. With gentle conditions, these individuals can complete their obligations typically despite the fact that they can't stay away from the circumstance. Proof recommends that qualities assume a significant job in GAD and it influences kids and youthful grown-ups. Stray once in a while happens alone and accordingly different tensions go with it . Stray is treated with medicine or with subjective social treatment (Brown et al., p.155-157). Conclusion Anxiety Disorders Conclusion of ADs is finished by truly looking at the patient and surveying his/her own history. During determination, it is significant that the specialist reveals any clinical issues that might be veiled by the nervousness assault. The patient will be required to depict if there is any event of ADs in the family and if there is any contributing elements to his/her condition like an unpleasant occasion or late life changes. Any condition like over the top drinking or substance misuse or change of states of mind ought to be imparted to the specialist. Diagnosing kids is troublesome however specialists should investigate the historical backdrop of the family and intently ach the youngster being referred to (University of Maryland Medical Center). Wellbeing proficient jars additionally utilize a handbook called Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to make analyze (Cuncic) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Tension issue are treated with explicit sort of psychotherapy, prescription or both. The decision of treatment relies upon the patients inclination. Individuals with tension issue should look for clinical intercession before the condition can negatively affect them. Prescription Despite the fact that prescriptions don't fix ADs, they monitor them while the patient gets psychotherapy. Drugs are to be endorsed by doctors (typically specialists) who can offer psychotherapy or help analysts as well as social laborers to give psychotherapy. Legitimate utilization of prescription fixes numerous AD patients who would then be able to have ordinary existences by and by. A portion of the meds directed incorporate antidepressants and against nervousness drugs. Antidepressants are created to treat wretchedness and can be compelling against ADs. These medications can begin to work promptly however they take around 4 a month and a half to produce full results. A portion of the normal antidepressants incorporate specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclics and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Hostile to Anxiety Drugs incorporate the high-intensity benzadiazephines that battle tension and are known to have scarcely any reactions. Against Anxiety Drugs are normally recommended for brief periods since individuals effectively become accustomed to them. Beta-blockers like propranolol are utilized to treat heart conditions just as forestalling side effects that go with ADs (Health.com). Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the demonstration of conversing with prepared psychological wellness proficient like a clinician, social specialist or a therapist to find the reason and how t

Compare Chinese and Western education system Essay

Frequently hear such a story: Chinese guardians with kids to play in the recreation center, when the youngster fell, most guardians will pick quickly advance up kids, urge him, dont cry. Similarly, an inquiry tossed remote guardians; the vast majority of them will urge youngsters to defend you, and said he truly bold. This story is little From this issue can peep out of Chinese and western instruction contrasts on kids. Presently lets take a gander at how outside guardians training of kid. They promoter and guide the youngsters autonomy. This autonomy contains numerous angles. In cash freedom, even multimillionaire guardians additionally wont give kids a penny, yet surely not seem to let their rich circumstance, and they trust youngsters can bring in your own cash. This thought is to develop kids great monetary awareness; While in enthusiastic autonomy, they and kid relationship isn't their family members, with more companions. Companion talks between wont have irritation, there is an age hole. Guardians for the most part go about as an audience and counselors, In the character freedom they most cases are not as Å"individualism  the agent of guardians, they are all the more ready to tune in to your childs voice, instead of Å"the dictatorship . Obviously, this is just a single part of the western youngsters instruction. A valid and influence their diverse life after an increasingly basic viewpoints, similar to a promotion of Å"person  translation: unique human is in a similar even plane, at that point hole is increasingly large. For what reason would be increasingly huge? In any case, the hole is moreover? I think this one is thinking-mode distinction. Recall that somebody said such a word, outsiders to concentrate hard so as to graduation, while Chinese to concentrate hard so as to enter college. This has the learning framework is extraordinary, the educator instruction understudies thinking-mode distinction. A few people have novel and interesting innovative reasoning, so effectiveness snappier than any other individual, the impact is better than every other person. Thinking mode, particularly the one of a kind innovative perspective, need to get from child. In childrens instruction, Chinese utilizing ShuiJiaoShi, to be specific, would could it be that do what you ought to do, not what you ought to do and what ought to be finished. Over the long haul, cultivated not minds propensity, since everything has oneself solid Ëœback-bone life. In spite of the fact that fail finishs STH, additionally have motivation to vindication: daddys mom didnt let me know, I wont! At the point when the youngster develop to a specific stage, thinking in some degree, has the generalization, need again to advancement and short of what others had a Å"lively  ah. As the Å"foundation didnt play the prison, house additionally shell  same. Marx once stated, Å"Chinese predecessors was intelligent kid, and Greek precursor is ordinary children . On childrens instruction about the absence of reasoning, and our predecessors related. In early occasions of Confucius, when Greek predecessor is dream wonderful legend, our progenitors had Å"mature  rise, have compose can let mistakenly can at present famous exemplary. Obviously it is not necessarily the case that should forsake our predecessors in front of his knowledge,

Government Business Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Government Business Relation - Essay Example utilizes on the connection between the idea of globalization and the country state; all the more explicitly it will in general answer a significant inquiry of whether the job of the Government turns out to be progressively significant or in any case in a period of globalization. At first the term globalization would be characterized concerning the multifaceted significance joined to it alongside the evaluates of it being negative or positive and the elements which add to expanding this marvel, at that point the paper continues to consolidate the effect of globalization on the state, besides this examination would investigate the techniques which are accessible to overhaul the job of the state so as to beat the difficulties propelled by globalization on the cohesiveness of the state (Bertucci and Alberti, 2003, Page 1-26). All these sub themes are cardinal to the investigation of globalization; in this way each future explained in detail alongside models from various pieces of the wor ld. In exacting wording, Globalization or Globalization relates to the depiction of a procedure because of which the economies, the social orders and societies of countries all through the world have been coordinated into a trap of interdependencies, because of the all-encompassing intensity of the mechanical advancement in zones of correspondence, transport and exchange. It is regularly utilized uniquely to portray the particular idea of ‘economic globalization’ which identifies with the association of national economies into the worldwide field, through the apparatuses of exchange, FDI (remote direct venture), capital inflows and outpourings, net relocation, and the huge spread of innovation (Invest Words, 2010). Globalization has its stars and drawbacks; it presents different chances to individuals to profit by while simultaneously it has certain expenses related with it, in this way reflecting the two parts of the idea. The significant trait of globalization is the expanded degree of association between countries over the globe. The determinants at work which

Melodic Train by John Ashbery - 1341 Words

Melodic Trains Introduction and Main Theme Life is a perpetual journey into the unconscious regions of human mind, which brings up a new perspective each time an activity is stirred. The poem shows the poet sitting in a train heading towards a destination. He is not alone. There is a little girl who attracts his attention but only for a short time because later the people and scenes in and around the train capture his imagination. He feels in relation to the everything around him. According to Ashbury, ‘Life is in motion’. We spend our time in trains, boats and buses and time is fleeting like these four wheelers. Time is precious and unique. Melodic Trains is a journey of time. We come across various destinations, fall into†¦show more content†¦The poem is highly personal and in the words of Huybernsz, ‘throws the reader out of the poem’. According to one critic, the poem suggests ‘the premise of this marvelous poem is a journey around New York City.’ The opening metaphor is that of music which sets the poet in meditation and find meanings in life. The main purpose in life seems, how to live and what to do? This process of meditation begins when a little girl asks the poet time. The poet is attracted towards the jagged peaks of the mountains by the seams of his coat and later caught up in the humdrum of every day life. Rather than a meaning, the poet finds confusion, crowds and tensions everywhere. A sense of entrapment encapsulates us, we find surrounded by troubles all around us and find no way out. The Pisa figures ultimately end this process of mediation and life seems a perpetual struggle against the odds of society. We keep oscillating between the complex beginning and peaceful end and sometimes, peaceful begging and complex and disturbing end. Symbolic Elements – Melodic Trains as drama of life Only the wait in stations is vague and Dimensionless, like oneself. How do they decide how much Time to spend in each? One beings to suspect there’s no Rule or that it’s applied haphazardly. Next the train takes turns like a pencil and the poet experiences that life too is like a train full of complexity and running

Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye - 1928 Words

In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield’s story is seemingly aimless and without any sense of direction. However, Salinger brings the novel into focus in the final chapters by introducing the idea of being the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† from the poem by Robert Burns. Salinger chose the name â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† for the title of his novel, but why? The answer is that Salinger wanted to emphasize the connection between Holden, the main character, and the cryptic â€Å"Catcher.† Holden confesses his desire to Pheobe of becoming a â€Å"Catcher,† but Holden’s definition of this role is slightly lacking. It can be seen through Holden and his actions what it truly means to be a Catcher. In the text, the Catcher is meant to save people from going over the fictitious cliff that Holden imagines, so, it can be inferred that a Catcher is a savior of others and exhibits the qualities of control and bravery. Holden is also speakin g figuratively about protecting the innocence of people, thus, saving people from going over the cliff represents saving them from falling from grace. Beyond this, Holden strives to be the Catcher and by the end of the novel, it is apparent that his attitude reflects this desire. What this means is that Holden tries to imitate the demeanor of the Catcher. Holden also mirrors his new temperament in his behavior throughout the story. The desire to be the Catcher in the Rye shows the audience how Holden is an altruistic being who attempts to use his qualitiesShow MoreRelatedHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1416 Words   |  6 PagesIt is evident that the protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. Due to Allie’s death, Holden’s actions elicit his own views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden has tunnel-vision to living a simple, happy life and isolates himself from those around him who understand the concept of growing up. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s emotion, theRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1213 Words   |  5 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger’s protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie. Allie’s premature passing elicits Holden’s cynical views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden isolates himself from those around him in order to shy away from the complexities of life. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s inner turmoil with people, the notion of adulthood, and growing up. Sigmund Freud’sRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 1331 Words   |  6 PagesAre 50’s teens able to survive the hurtful but unavoidable transition of becoming a grown up as th ey struggle with the changes that come along with it? JD. Salinger’s 1951 book, The Catcher in the Rye, shows us how society treated their confused and changing teenagers during their transition into adulthood. The book’s main character Holden Caulfield is being pressured into growing up even though he doesn’t feel ready, to lead an adult life. He is still struggling socially and mourning for his deceasedRead MoreAn Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 900 Words   |  4 Pagesstory The Catcher in the Rye the 16-year-old protagonist, Holden Caulfield, experiences a conflict that makes him want to relive his childhood memories. Holden has so much hatred toward the adult world and he thinks adults are very phony and lame. J.D Salinger delves into the mentality of a boy that hates adult intimacy and sexuality. Holden ends up in a mental institution to recover from his problems and to overcome his fear of adulthood. This novel is set in the early 1950s and Holden is from NewRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye 1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is faced with multiple â€Å"phonies† that divert him from those he really holds affection for. Throughout the novel Holden shows disgust for certain characters but his ability to build relationships of intimacy are most eminent. Through Allie Caulfield, Holden is able to make a more personal connection. Seeing as how he is now dead, Allie is a savior in the eyes’ of Holden when he is in the time of need. Phoebe Caulfield, Holden’s tenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 1941 Words   |  8 Pagesenough; one cannot appreciate the blissful innocence of childhood until it has passed. The novel, The Catcher in the Rye, explores the complex and often incomprehensible transition to adulthood through the experiences of the protagonist, Holden Caulfield. J.D. Salinger uses Holden’s character to express the challenges teenagers must overcome in order to adapt and succeed in an adult society. Holden outlines the challenges he is experiencing through this time of development by striving to preserve childhoodRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1493 Words   |  6 PagesJerome David Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, describes Holden Caulfield’s journey to understand the complexities of growing up and his purpose. In the beginning, he is in a mental hospital somewhere near Los Angeles and is writing about this â€Å"madman stuff† to a psychoanalyst. Holden flunked out of Pencey Prep and leaves his dormitory to go on a journey around New York to find his way through post-war New York society. At the same time, he is suffering from depression and is on the vergeRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye Symbolism Essay J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, is the story of Holden Caulfield’s loss of faith in society, and in particular adults. Salinger uses a number of symbols to demonstrate Holden’s rebellion against the phony facade of society and his desire to preserve the innocence of children, especially those he loves. Chief among them is Holden’s misinterpretation of Robert Burns’ poem â€Å"Comin thro’ the Rye†, wherein Holden mistakes the original line, â€Å"If a body meet aRead MoreAnalysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Rye 1308 Words   |  6 Pagesscratch, while others perish into the rubble. The same can be said for Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, a teenager that suffers and wallow in his misery behind the scene’s, yet lives a life of luxury and debauchery for all to witness. Psychoanalytical theory operates as a catalyst in analyzing and understanding Holden Caulfield in the narrative of The Catcher in the Rye. Holden is introduced as a defeatist, juvenile youngster that has just failed outRead MoreHolden s Influence On Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 846 Words   |  4 Pagesforces that interact with one another greatly. For example, in The Catcher in the Rye, these two influences affect Holden Caulfield significantly. They have a large impact on how he views the world and other people. Whilst Holden â€Å"served the author’s purpose: to scrutinize the cruelties and banalities† of society, The Catcher in the Rye remains a work that may helps others understand the path to happiness (Coles). A concept Holden had observed from the start of the novel was the materialism and egotism

Professional Behavior, Communication, Boundaries, And...

My field experience has been wonderful so far for the first semester. I have gained valuable information for the last couple on months interning at my agency. For this self-evaluation I will be describing the1-3 and 6-9 competencies I set up at the beginning of the semester and see if I have achieved these skills. I will also address the growth and challenges I have come upon throughout this semester. For competency one on processional and ethical practice I wanted to demonstrate having a professional behavior, communication, boundaries, and writing skills throughout the semester. I also wanted to provide integrity, competence, core values, services, dignity, and worth in the agency and my clients. In addition being aware of the mandating reporting, parental consent, and legal consent in the school setting. I feel the growth in this competency I have gained a lot by the agency in proving lots of training, group supervision, and individual supervision has not only broaden my skills bu t have gained valuable knowledge of what to do in certain situations. For some of the challenges I encounter at the beginning was learning about mandating reporting and how much work it goes into calling, summiting the paperwork all this is a curial aspect when doing a CWS report. For example, when doing my first mandated report my supervisor stayed and walk me through each step to make sure I did it correctly which was wonderful and learned the right way to do a mandated report. In competencyShow MoreRelatedboundaries in a dual relationship1606 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does it mean to have boundaries in a relationship? In the profession of counseling, there is a code of ethics that guides counseling in standards that are required. The code of ethics is designed by The American Counseling Association to protect and serve clients and counselors. Boundaries can include small things such as gifts, outside of the office meeting, eating lunch, and of course physical touch, sexual relations and personally networking socially. A dual relationship can be defined asRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker : An Advocate For The Community1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sense of being unheard. Therefore, as a member of a minority population has fueled my passion of becoming a social worker and assisting others in understanding their civil rights. Foreseeing myself as a professional social worker, I image a person helping others develop coping skills during difficult situations as well as creating strategies that will result in lasting behavioral changes. In addition to my personal experiences, I would rely on my volunteer experience, academic work and employmentRead MoreThe Ten Bsw Program Competencies Help Student Students Analyze And Evaluate Professional Development1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe ten BSW program competencies help BSW students analyze and evaluate professional development. These ten competencies help social work students learn and integrate the NASW Code of Ethics into the classroom and field. The first competency based on identifying as a professional social worker requires constant self- reflection to ensure the NASW Code of Ethics are being followed, and to continue to develop as a professional. I consider self-reflection to be strength of mine as I log each day, andRead MoreComputers and Ethics1540 Word s   |  7 Pages2014 Communication is an inevitable occurrence in life and is vital to building and maintaining relationships. Individuals typically interact with family, friends, and colleagues regularly. Previously, landline phones and postal mail were popular methods of communication that individuals and businesses relied on. These venues were used to relay information, engage in transactions, and keep in touch with friends and family. As technology advanced, new and innovate ways of communication emergedRead MoreCommunication Is An Important Tool Of Exchanging An Ideas And Views789 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an important tool of exchanging an ideas and views. In this today’s world it is the means of living and surviving in the sense that without effective communication we can’t have what we want to do. It is absolutely true that we human being have to do something for survival and can’t spend our time without doing anything even if we don’t have any obligation to do. In this course of action we need to communicate with the people, with our family members if we involve in the businessRead MoreEssay Adolescents: Leave the Cell Phones At Home1676 Words   |  7 Pagesnetworks have replaced development of social skills through personal interactions. Some educators insist that cell phones provide a unique opportunity to capitalize on the learning experience in the modern classroom. Unfortunately, cell phones also provide an opportunity for adolescents to compromise their ethical values and moral standards. Adolescents are known to be source for cheating on exams, disrupting the classroom, and promoting inappropriate behaviors. 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Clayton Industries free essay sample

Declining sales, a global recession, stiff competition from Asian manufacturers, inflated operational costs, and decreasing demand for the product are all reasons why Clayton SpA is forced to reevaluate the Brescia Italy plant and make a sound business decision as to its fate. After discussions and meetings with other plant management and personnel, three options were proposed: invest additional monies into the Italian division and revive operations, target production towards absorption chillers rather than the compression chillers, or wait about six months and observe the activity of the economy before making any type of financial decision. Targeting production towards absorption chillers is the best option for Clayton in order to regain its position financially and its competitive position in the market. INTRODUCTION Clayton Industries, a business based on sales of window mounted air conditioning units sold in residential and small commercial units, was formed in 1938 in Milwaukee, WI. In the 1980s, the company decided to expand into commercial operations in North America and saw an opportunity for growth in the European market. It achieved this growth through the acquisition of four other companies, including Corliss a company that manufactured HVAC units and AeroPuro an Italian manufacturer of compression chillers. Clayton did an organization restructure in order to accommodate the global expansion and developed a new entity, Clayton Europe, to handle the European acquisitions. These acquisitions enabled Clayton to be a dominant force in that market until the global recession in 2009 at which point Claytons international divisions saw a decline in sales. Clayton SpA, the Italian division of Clayton Industries, was the most negatively impacted, suffering a 19% decline in sales and experiencing revenue losses of $1 million per month (Bartlett Barlow,2010,p. 3). Internal mismanagement, an exaggerated workforce, and the view of air conditioning units as an unnecessary American luxury by European citizens all contributed to the rapid decline in sales and loss of revenue. Facing competition from Asian manufacturers that were making the same product more efficient and less expensive also proved to be an obstacle for Clayton SpA. This contributed to the need to offer a better product at a cheaper price for Clayton SpA to remain competitive and profitable in this market. In reaction to all of these issues being faced by Clayton, all country management was asked to participate in a 10/10/10 plan which entailed cutting days receivables and days in inventory by 10 days each and reduce the labor force by 10%. The Top Four in Four initiative was also presented to country management in which they were asked to develop a plan where the product for which their division was responsible for selling would be in the top four of the European market share in four years. In this report are the options being considered and plans presented in order for Clayton SpA division to rally back from the losses it has suffered financially. INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS †¢ One strength is that the Clayton European division is now being led by more effective and goal-oriented management. The fact that they were also hired from other more successful sectors of the company enables this division to be led by individuals who already know the business and the company and draw from prior plans in order to make this division more successful. Another strength is that the initial plan put into action by Simonne Buis a few months prior to cut costs immediately freed up some monies needed for immediate restructuring and rebuilding. The ability of management to take ideas from more successful divisions of the company (i. e. Spain) can make the Italian division more profitable in the future. †¢ One potential weakness is that the financial obstacles faced by Clayton SpA due to internal mismanagement and exaggerated labor costs were there for quite some time, therefore the company must come up with a lot of money up front in order to attempt to restructure and rebuild. Another weakness is that the company is expected to jump back up into the top 4 in the next 4 years yet it is currently 5th on the list with only 7% of the market share. This goal will prove extremely difficult with current conditions. †¢ One opportunity for Clayton is that they can develop a more efficient product in order to become more competitive in the market now and in future. Another opportunity is that effectively cutting costs now can enable the company to run more efficiently in the future because it will show that the company can indeed increase profits with reduced operating expenses and liabilities, therefore offering higher shareholder equity in the end. Higher shareholder equity means the increased probability of more investors in the end. †¢ On e threat to Clayton are Asian firms, or possibly any other company that tries to operate in this market, operating more efficiently and offering a better product to consumers. Another threat is the rising costs of materials, as seen with the increase in the price of steel. PEST ANALYSIS Analysis of this firm using PEST, I have determined that the political aspect has played a major role in the business decision making in Clayton SpA. It was due to the major impact that the union had in Italy that caused the high labor costs in that division. The political relationships held by prior management seemed to influence some of the poor decision making on the part of management. The economic factor is that the global recession and slow economy in 2009 is when Clayton began to suffer huge financial losses. Clayton SpA suffered a $15 million dollar loss of stockholders equity in 2009. As seen in Exhibit 2 Clayton Industries income statement, revenues were down 19% and net loss was 12%. The social factors affecting Clayton are that for one, Europeans did not view air conditioning in their homes as a necessity. They saw it as a luxury. Additionally, Europeans were buying from local firms because they were more familiar and better priced. Technological factors affected Clayton in that the compression chillers marketed and sold by Clayton were too expensive as well as lacking in operational efficiency. The Barcelona plant manufactured specialized absorption chillers which proved to be far more profitable than the compression chillers were. The compression chillers lacked several new features that other competitors were using, therefore causing Clayton to fall behind in the market. They were operating 15% less efficiently (Bartlett Barlow,2010, p. 6). Absorption technology is a new trend that has become increasingly popular due to its use of water rather than the harmful chemicals used in compression chillers. Based on Clayton Industries’ forecast sales in exhibit 5, it is predicted that Clayton Italy will experience a growth in sales of between 5 6 % annually if the economic conditions improve. These percentages are relatively small in comparison to the huge losses suffered in 2009, therefore a more aggressive approach should be taken in order to meet the goal of being in the top four by 2013. OPTIONS There are a few possible options for Clayton to successfully attain its goals of rebounding financially and becoming one of the top four competitors in the market. One option is to regain profitability in the Italian division by increasing efficiency at the plant site, revitalization of the current product line of compression chillers through further product development, and a development of a sales and marketing plan so as to expand and increase their market share. The costs of this option are around $5 million, most of which will be spent within the first year of implementation. The pros of this plan are that revitalizing the compression chiller product line may prove profitable since the compression chillers still make up 85% of the market. Another pro is that through development of the sales and marketing team, innovative ideas by new management or a new sales and marketing team can be tested in this time of crisis. A third pro of this option is that increased efficiency at the current plant will keep the company from having to do a full restructure, therefore saving the company money in the long run. Clayton can build upon what they already have rather than tear it down and rebuild it. The cons of this option are that the companys current financial position is poor therefore coming up with the $5 million needed for start-up could prove difficult at this time. There is also a chance that the investment of the $5 million does not yield the profitable results that the company desires, therefore putting the organization in a worse position financially. Using $5 million of the companys funds will also create a diminished cash flow, possibly affecting other divisions in a negative way. Another option is to build upon the already successful market in Spain. This would enable Clayton to also partake in the new technological advancement of the absorption chiller that has given the Barcelona plant its increased profitability. Market growth of the absorption chillers is increasing and this would give Clayton an opportunity to step into a new market and work towards achieving its goal of once again being a top competitor in the market. The costs of this plan would be approximately $15 million over a period of five years. The large part of this investment would come within two to three years of plan implementation. The plan would also involve a lot of restructuring of the organization and removal of old equipment and processes. The pros of this plan are the opportunity to gain entry into a new market that appears to already be profitable for a division of Clayton. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for products that more environmentally friendly so selling the absorption chillers would satisfy that demand and increase profit. Another pro to this plan is that Spain already has licensed technology to support the production of the absorption chillers and they are already familiar with the product. Cons to this option are that it might be risky to phase out the compression chillers, which comprise of 85% of the market to invest in the absorption chillers, which are still only 15% of the market. Investing these funds not expanding or building a new office in Spain would still mean that the office in Italy would still be left in a bad position financially. Having to close the Italy office would also cause an uproar with the union officials that initially showed concern that this would occur. Another downside to this plan is the large investment amount needed to get it up and running with no guarantee that it will prove profitable in the end. If a $15 million dollar investment is made and the absorption chillers do not prove profitable, the company will have lost that investment and the loss of the Italy division. A third option is to wait until the economy becomes more stable, at least six months, before making any type of financial decision or commitment to an alternative plan. If slow economic growth and global recession continue, using millions of company funds to restructure could put the organization in a worst position in the end. The pros of this plan are thought it does allow management and the financial department a little more time before making a decision. This would allow for more research and review of economic conditions and industry trends, therefore enabling a more sensible decision. This will also still allow for the other two options to remain on the table whereas if one of the other two plans are implemented, funds will be depleted and another option will prove difficult of not impossible to attempt. The downsides to this option are that not taking any action for six months may put the company in a worse position financially. If the divisions that are lacking continue to operate in a deficit, it will put the company as a whole in turmoil. If the company is currently experiencing a loss of $1 million a month, six more months of operating in that manner would be a total loss of $6 million more.

Government Intervention And Antitrust Law Essays -

Government Intervention And Antitrust Law Government Intervention in Individual Markets: A Look at Government Intervention and Antitrust Law via the Microsoft Case Growth and Development in the US Economy 36-363 Professor Burnett Josh Preiser 0032432 May 9, 2000 Preface In light of recent developments, I took a different approach to this paper. The Microsoft Antitrust case has been somewhat of a phenomenon that has become one of the most prominent cases in recent years. Because of this, I decided to look at government intervention into individual markets, along with antitrust law, via that particular case. I am of the opinion that we can learn a great deal by using that particular ongoing litigation. Antitrust law protects the public from companies that attain an undue domination of the marketplace via mergers, tying 1 product to another, vertical integration, and other practices tending to eliminate competition or bar entry into the market to newcomers. In the early 1980s, Microsoft was a much smaller company than it is today. However, it had already established a reputation of being a predator, a greedy predator. They were known to terminate licenses mercilessly once they figured out a way to clone a given technology, regardless of whether it was legal or not. Back then, Microsoft had some enthusiastic competition. The biggest of which were Borland (programming), Ashton-Tate (databases), Visicalc and Lotus (spreadsheets), as well as Wordstar and WordPerfect (word processors). All of these companies have now either merged out of existence or are completely defunct, with the exceptions of Borland and Lotus (which are barely afloat). Microsoft now has the leading product in each sector of the market once occupied by these firms. The company was responsible for ridding itself of these early competitors by either buying them out or simply driving them into the ground. This early disregard set the tone for how Microsoft does business eve n today. Microsoft's advantage comes from their domination of operating systems (OS). ?By definition, if the OS maker creates applications, they will run better with the OS than a third party's, and the OS owner can, over time, create modifications that will make this even more so,? (Rapacious 1). Microsoft has the power to leverage their dominance in operating systems (Microsoft currently has its Windows software in over 90% of all PCs) to gain a large market share in the various application sectors. They have always been able to do this and as a result have been able to get, or achieve, whatever it is that they have wanted. This is the vertical integration that the antitrust laws talk about. In a July 1994, settlement, the Justice Department came to an agreement with the software giant over the antitrust charges it had filed against the company. The charges were brought after the department found out that Microsoft was giving personal computer manufacturers a discount on their OS when the PC manufacturer would pay the company a royalty for each computer sold, including those without MS-DOS or Windows software installed. ?The practice gave PC makers little incentive to install competing programs since they would have had to pay a royalty to both the competitor and Microsoft,? (Ramstad 1). The settlement only dealt with this single count and left Microsoft alone to continue performing its numerous other anti-competitive practices. In the spring of 1995, Judge Stanley Sporkin rejected the deal that the Justice Department settled on. He did so on the grounds that: 1. The government refused to give the court enough information about the agreement; 2. The deal was too narrow; it failed to deal with issues like OS/application leverage, and allegations that Microsoft intentionally made changes to Windows that made third party applications hard to run; 3. The parties did not adequately consider anti-competitive issues; 4. The deal was unsatisfactory when it came to enforcement and compliance mechanisms. Around the time of the settlement, some suggestions started to come about how to deal with Microsoft. Stewart Alsop suggested ?that Microsoft be forced to document the API's in Windows, so that other companies could legally clone it. That would still leave Microsoft an eighteen month head start on each release,? (Rapacious 3). It was also suggested that the company be broken up. This way, the operating system and the applications would be separated into different companies and the playing

Spanish Adverbs of Quantity

Spanish Adverbs of Quantity Adverbs of quantity are those that explain how many or how much. They include many of the intensifiers (adverbs of intensity) and also include a few moderators (adverbs that diminish intensity). Like other adverbs, the adverbs of quantity can affect the meanings of verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and occasionally entire sentences. As noted below, many of the adverbs of quantity can also serve as adjectives. When theyre adjectives, they can vary with gender and number, while the adverb is always the same as the singular masculine form of the adjective. (This rule is sometimes violated in casual speech, and you may occasionally hear an adverb change to match a nearby noun. This grammatical tendency is considered substandard and is best not imitated.) For example, while poco is an adverb, the adjective can be poco, poca, pocos or pocas. Adverbs of Quantity Here are some of the common adverbs of quantity along with sample sentences and possible translations: Adems (additionally, besides): This word typically refers to a verb or an entire sentence and is often used in the phrase adems de Y adems es imposible. And furthermore its impossible.La comisià ³n estudia adems la creacià ³n de una junta consultiva. The commission is additionally studying the creation of an advisory board.Adems de casino, Santa Fe ahora tiene shopping. In addition to having a casino, Sante Fe now has shopping.Adems  ¿quà © es lo que podemos hacer allà ­? Besides, what can we do there?Adems, Raà ºl duerme en una habitacià ³n hipobrica para aumentar su rendimiento. In addition, Raul sleeps in a hyperbaric chamber to improve his performance. Algo (somewhat, slightly): Dont confuse the adverbial meaning with its use as a pronoun meaning something. Me siento algo vieja. Im feeling somewhat old.El 23% dice que est algo preocupado o muy preocupado de que pueda perder su trabajo en los prà ³ximos 12 meses. Twenty-three percent say they are somewhat worried or very worried that they could lose their job in the next 12 months. Apenas (barely, hardly): Toco la guitarra desde hace apenas un aà ±o. I have played the guitar for barely a year.Mi hijo apenas habla. My son barely speaks. Bastante (enough, quite a bit): This word can also be used as an adjective or pronoun to mean enough. As an adverb, it can have the meaning of sufficiency or to mean considerably, depending on the context. Me parece que no estudia bastante. It seems to me he doesnt study enough.Es bastante inteligente y siempre tiene una respuesta para todo. He is quite intelligent and always has an answer for everything.La verdad es que cantas bastante bien. The truth is you sing quite well.Necesito saber de algà ºn hotel bastante barato en Cdiz. I need to know of a sufficiently cheap hotel in Cadiz. Casi (almost): Comenzà ³ hace casi tres aà ±os. It began almost three years ago.Casi me rompà ­ la mano. I almost broke my hand.Su objetivo se habà ­a cumplido: ya era mucho ms que casi famosa. Her goal had been accomplished: She was now more than almost famous. Demasiado (too much): This word can also function as an adjective. ngela habla demasiado de su vida privada. Angela speaks too much about her private life.Creo que soy demasiado guapa. Muchà ­sima gente me lo dicen constantemente. I think I am much too pretty. Many people tell me that constantly. Ms (more, most): This word can also be used as adjective, pronoun or preposition. As an adverb, it is commonly used in making comparisons, although the comparison doesnt have to be explicitly stated. Es el libro ms poderoso del mundo. Its the most powerful book in the world.En Italia funcionan ms de 150 emisoras privadas. More than 150 private broadcasters operate in Italy.Nadie te quiere ms que yo. Nobody loves you more than I do.Tienes que escoger cul te gusta ms de los dos. You have to pick which of the two you like more.La palabra hablada ms importante es no. The most important spoken word is no.Soy el que ms sabe de fà ºtbol. Im the one who knows most about soccer.Tenemos que ser ms competitivos. We have to be more competitive. Medio (half): This word can also be used as an adjective. La pila est medio muerta. The battery is half-dead.Si la puerta est medio abierta, entonces la abre completamente. If the door is half-open, then open it completely. Menos (less, least): This word is used much the same way as ms except with the opposite meaning. El Superman actual es menos poderoso que sus predecesores. The current Superman is less powerful than his predecessors.Yo pienso que la gente inteligente es menos feliz. I think intelligent people are less happy. Mucho (much, very, a lot): This word can also be used as an adjective or pronoun. Mi novio habla mucho con su ex. My boyfriend talks a lot with his ex.La nueva es mucho mejor. The new one is much better. Muy (very): Ha sido un partido muy difà ­cil. It has been a very difficult game.La iguana cambiar su color de piel a uno muy amarillo para reflejar el calor. The iguana will change its skin color to one very yellow in order to reflect the heat. Poco (a little, not much, not): This word can also be used as an adjective or pronoun. As a plural adjective, it typically means few. Estudia poco pero aprende mucho. She studies a little but learns a lot.La mitad de los espaà ±oles come poco pan creyendo que engorda. Half of Spaniards each little bread because they believe it makes them fat.Mi primo es una persona poco complicada. My cousin is an uncomplicated person. Sà ³lo (only): Traditionally, this word has been spelled with an accent when it functions as an adverb, although the accent isnt strictly necessary if there is no chance of confusing it with solo the adjective. Sà ³lo como carne producida orgnicamente. I only eat organically produced meat.Yo sà ³lo querà ­a hacer mi trabajo. I only wanted to do my work. Tan, tanto (so, as, so much): Tanto as an adverb is shortened to tan when it comes before an adjective, adverb or a phrase functioning as an adverb or adjective. Such is the case most of the time. Es tan fcil como el uno, dos, tres. Its as easy as one, two, three. ¿Por quà © hablan tan rpido el espaà ±ol? Why do they speak Spanish so fast?Era tan flaca que la gente la confundà ­a con un palillo de dientes. She was so skinny people confused her for a toothpick.Estudiaba tanto que me dolà ­a. I studied so much it hurt.

Accounting a New Arrival Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting a New Arrival - Case Study Example The internet has made it easy for the customers to become aware of the product details including its availability at competitive prices which has precipitated the need to develop a whole new perspective for a new marketing technique. Today the markets have been designed to cater to the system as a whole rather than exclusively to the customer. The more innovative the product and fancier the promotional techniques, the higher are its chances of capturing market space. Thereby, asserting that brands, advertising, and promotional techniques are very important tools of marketing and the company must use all the available sources for maximum impact. The advertising agencies play major roles in promoting products and services of a company. In the launch of bmibaby, the BDDH, the advertising agency had significantly contributed towards creation of a brand image that was distinct and which had helped to exploit the personal preferences of the people to influence their behavior as a consumer of goods and services that they wish to sell. According to Campbell, ‘..companies are building strong brands using a corporate vision and â€Å"a way of doing business† approach. Customers identify with their attitude and promise to deliver..’ (Campbell, 1999).' (Campbell, 1999). The agency was involved right from the inception of the creation of the brand name and had successfully created an advertising campaign in different media that had made it an instant success. There are various advantages and disadvantages of using external agencies to promote one's goods and services. Advantages The external agencies have expertise in their area and can offer huge range of alternatives for promotion of the services. They also have better information about demographic segmented market. Using the services of the external agencies is not only cost effective but the company is also able to better focus on its core competencies. The advertising is a complex process that requires coordinated networking of the various elements within the system so that unique advertising campaign can be introduced within the prescribed time limit for maximum impact. This is the major reason that advertising of the products and services are taken up by external agencies. Disadvantage If the goals and objectives and the creative ideas are not properly communicated to the agency, it would not be able to deliver the desired results at the crucial time. The Company may not be able to get the bargain and discounts from the various inter-related linkages that are separate but intrinsic part of the advertising campaigns. The delivery schedule is at the hands of the advertising agency which may sometime become crucial factor in the launch of new schemes. Answer

The sustainability of Organizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The sustainability of Organizing - Essay Example It is this trust that helps an organization to be fruitful and develop. By using the word 'trust' it is not meant to be applicable to any specific firm or individual. It is not only applicable towards clients and suppliers but it is relevant to everybody associated with the company or organization. This principle could be formulated into a HR technique that would yield surplus in the long run. Trust is not just about the stake holders of the company but more so it is applicable towards its employees too. There is no meaning of showing a bright future where there is none; rather it would be far more positive attitude to reveal everything that is true about the organization. It is not only a moral approach but a trust building operation that would prove to be helpful in future and a HR manager would never let go a chance to win the faith of a worker. (Mukherjee, 28) Revealing the open truth about the company is the most effective way of taking an employee into complete confidence. If the statement 'man is a social animal' is true then this management principal would be the best possible relevant example of it. Consider this- every individual is shaped by the virtue of his or her environment (Lamb, 23). Therefore it is obvious that an employee would be governed by the nature of workplace he or she is associated with.

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay Example for Free

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay 1.The professional auditing standards have a set of five management assertions. Of the five assertions, three are very important in regards to the Paragon audit. The descriptions below, audit procedure is explained that would have ensured the audit was completed accurately. a.Occurrence- The management assertion that ensures a particular transaction actually happened. In the case of a construction company such as Paragon, this could be verified by going to a job site and checking to see if the job is actually happening. b.Valuation/Allocation- The management assertion that ensures the transactions are accounted for the correct amount. Changing from percentage-of completion method to the earned value method resulted in significantly overstated revenues and material misstatements in the financial statements. The audit procedure that should take place in this situation is inspection of the records. Looking back at the records would show the change was not supported by the accepted accounting standards. c.Presentation/Disclosure- The management assertion that ensures all changes within a company are stated in the notes of the financials. These changes should be easy to understand and depict a complete picture of the company from the year. The audit procedure that should have taken place during the audit is inquiry. Sullivan and the staff should have questioned the managers on his or her decisions instead of taking their word as to why the changes were made. 2.The audit failures the SEC were referring to was the fact that Sullivan and his staff relied on the manager’s word. Sullivan and staff did not perform the accurate assertions to test the information provided from Paragon’s managers. The audit partner, Sullivan in this case, is the individual who is in charge of ensuring everyone on the audit is performing his or her job completely and accurately. Sullivan will take the blunt of the responsibility because he is ultimately the person who is in charge of overseeing the auditing the audit as a whole, but the audit staff should also face consciences from the findings. 3.A high risk audit means the chance that of material misstatement and fraudulent activities are significantly higher. Weak controls, changes in management, and changes in accounting methods are several reasons why an auditor would conclude a company is a â€Å"high risk† engagement. The audit partner basis the risk of engagement on his or her observations from the company. When working a high  risk engagement, an auditor will examine a higher percentage of the transactions from throughout the year. Checking more transactions means the auditors are going to produce the most accurate financials possible and ensuring no fraudulent activities are taking place within the company. 4.Auditors do have the responsibility of following the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries. The AICPPA set guidelines for companies in these industries to follow to ensure the end product is of highest quality. Auditors should make sure the managers are following all of the rules and regulation set forth for that type of company, but these guidelines should never override or replace the Statements on Auditing and Standards. The Statement and Auditing Standards is the rule book for how and what is to be performed in an audit. the AICPA should make the Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries in accordance with the Statement and Auditing Standards so the companies are operating with the highest quality, in both products and financial standing. 5.When making a change in the accounting principle used within a company, there has to be very good reason why the company wants to. When these changed are made, they must be presented retrospectively. Managers must produce the financial statements for the past several years so the public can see the effects it has on the company. On the other hand, the changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively. Managers use the new method in estimating cost and revenues from that point forward. The changes Paragon made are for accounting estimates. The percentage-in-completion method and the earned value method are accounting estimate methods. Boyd and Curbello will use the new method from that point forward. The problem Paragon ran into is disclosure. The changes were not properly disclosed in the financials. This is a problem because two method result in very different numbers for the company.

How does ICT affect both family and society? :: ICT Essays

 « There may be a reduced number of manual jobs. This is because computers and machinery can be used instead.  « ICT allows you to work from home. This is an advantage of no travelling and being able to live in any part of the country.  « There may be a reduction of jobs available because of the decrease in manual work. This would cause an increase in unemployment.  « The use of ICT gives the opportunity to work for yourself. It also makes it a lot easier than doing the work manually.  « There is the need to continually update worker skills, especially those who no longer spend year after year doing the same job.  « ICT can create new and interesting jobs. These can include jobs such as a computer programmer. This would also may work more enjoyable.  « With the increase in ICT there is the de-skilling or elimination of some office jobs. How will the new ICT system affect the family? A new ICT system is likely to affect the family in question, in different ways. However, it is likely to make the life of these people a lot easier and more manageable. It also allows you to be more organised. A Computer is especially helpful to school children and those who work. This is because using a computer is less time consuming, than compared to the manually writing everything up. It therefore makes life easier. Copies can be easily made meaning the family will not have to spends hours upon end rewriting documents. A new ICT system would allow the family to have improved communications around the world. The system would be equipped with the Internet and email service providers, such as Microsoft Outlook and Lycos. These facilities would allow the family to communicate with the rest of the world more easily. MSN messenger would be useful to children in the family and would also be convenient for work. The use of email is both quicker and more convenient than writing a letter. You can receive many attachments that you may have sent yourself or other people have sent. Email is a reasonably secure way of communication because you need a password to access your account. It is also useful because you can access your email from any server. You can also keep in contact with the family, no matter how far away they live. The family would have access to news on everyday events etc, via the Internet search engines and encyclopaedias. A new ICT system would allow the family to produce documents, databases, images, recordings etc. This is a lot less stressful than

Arizona Constitution

The American constitution plays a crucial role in delegating of laws in the country and it governs all citizens. On the other hand, a state’s constitution serves a similar purpose but only under the state’s jurisdiction. This constitution is the basis for other state laws including those of other sections of the state government. This implies that all the laws outlined by this constitution affect its organization, operations and maintenance. Actions carried out outside the constitutional boundaries are considered to be illegal. As such, the Arizona constitution has endeavored to effectively guide the State of Arizona by impacting on the state’s counties, schools, municipalities and corporations. This paper will discuss these distinct effects. In essence, the State of Arizona constitution sets boundaries for all laws within the state. In Article 12 of the Arizona constitution, the issue of counties has been clearly addressed. This article is detailed with guidelines regarding various aspects of counties. The county is hereby defined and its fundamental roles displayed. For instance in section 3 of this article, specifications are made on county officers, their election and term of office. A county is depicted to be inclusive of such officers like the sheriff, county attorney, treasurer, and superintendent of schools, a recorder and supervisors (Arizona State Legislature, 2007). These officers occupy these positions for a period of four years and this predicts when they cease to serve the people of Arizona. The article also specifies on the election of these officers, their qualifications, duties and powers. This ensures the effective use of the law when there are individuals or groups of people embarked on using corrupt and selfish means. Furthermore, citizens within a particular county are empowered to elect leaders of their choice and also in the enactment of county charters. Ideally, when the county’s citizens implore for the collection of taxes it must be done under the provision of the county charters. This protects citizens from unfair imposition of taxes. Municipalities are also subject to the jurisdiction of the Arizona constitution. As outlined by McClory (2001), Article 13 of the said constitutions dictates the conditions for the creation of municipalities. Section 1 of the article notes that the municipalities are not created by any special laws but by the existing legislature. The constitution mandates the minimal population for any city’s or town’s elevation into a municipality as 3,500 residents. Only then can these residents elect a board of freeholders which further develops a charter for the creation of the municipality. Again, the constitution explicitly leaves the role of enacting such crucial decisions to the citizens. Only after they have voted and a majority of the citizens having voted in favor of the charter is it passed. The Arizona constitution also gives municipalities the right to engage in business or entrepreneurial activities as stated in Article 13, section 5. This positively impacts on the municipality especially since such enterprises like garbage collection and waste disposal for all households can work positively in the municipal’s development. Apart from Municipalities, the Arizona constitution has also made provisions for other corporations. In Arizona State Legislature (2007) Article 14, Section 1 outlines a substantial definition of corporations to include associations and companies which possess powers and privileges not possessed by sole individuals or partnerships. In addition, these entities are individualized and empowered to sue others and be sued in return. This makes it simple for citizens who have qualms with such corporations to seek the intervention of the law since they are treated as such entities under the law. As constitution directs the procedures and requirements for the formation of corporations, it similarly warns that failure to incorporate these conditions will make corporations non viable and their claims inadmissible in courts. Corporations are also limited by this article in their capacity to fund political actions and endeavors. Article 15 also addresses the same issue of corporations only its concern is on public service commissions. It is in this regard that this Article establishes the Arizona Corporation Commission (Arizona Corporation Commission, 2010). As entities formed with the sole purpose of offering necessary services to citizens, the commissions perform the role of regulating and providing public utilities. The constitution also indicates that these corporations are under state regulation which aids in creating accountability and effective operations in these bodies. Finally, public education in Arizona is also another area which is strictly controlled by the Arizona constitution. This is inclusive of all types of schools be it elementary, middle or high schools. Included in this lot are also colleges and universities. In Article 11, these schools’ conduct and supervision is delegated to a board of education, superintendent of public instruction, among other governing bodies as per the law. The constitution has served citizens with low income earnings as it provides for the establishment of free schools. Furthermore, it also facilitates the acquisition of permanent state school funds which in Article 11, Section 8, should be derived from the sale of school lands, from estate shares and any bequests made to the state for educational purposes (Arizona State Legislature, 2010). Gifford and Hunter (2000) emphasize the integral role of constitutional provisions for school funding on the effectiveness of the public education system. Its impeccable endeavor to safeguard the wellbeing of the visually and hearing impaired has also ensured their appropriate treatment in their search for education.

Priam s Request For My Reflective Essay - 835 Words

Bri Wright Prof. Kiliani 11 October 2015 HUM 114 – 01 Priam’s Request For my reflective essay, I’ve decided to analyze the scene between Achilles and Priam in Book 24 of The Iliad. This is a very powerful scene, and one of the most important scenes of the book in my opinion. After Patroclus’ funeral, Achilles continued to abuse Hector’s body by tying his corpse to his chariot and dragging it around Patroclus’ barrow. The gods, however, decided that Hector deserved a respectful funeral. To make this possible, Apollo convinced Zeus and the other gods to order Achilles to allow the body to be ransomed. Zeus sends Thetis to talk to her son and persuade him to do so, while Iris goes to Priam to help him initiate the ransom. This is how the powerful scene in Book 24 is created. Priam comes to Achilles in a state of weakness, almost. He begins his speech by talking about Achilles’ father, and how he hopes for the day to see his son come back from Troy alive. Priam mentions how he has lost all of his so ns because of Achilles and the rest of the Greeks, and talks about how lonely he is. On page 231, he says, â€Å"But what is left for me? I had the finest sons in all wide Troy, and not one of them is left.† He asks for Hector’s body back and mentions the fortune in ransom he brought. He tells Achilles to pity him and think of his own father, and that he’s done what no other man has done, he’s kissed the hand of the man who killed his son. Achilles is filled with sorrow for his own