buy custom Anxiety Disorders essay

purchase custom Anxiety Disorders exposition Nervousness issue are a gathering of psychological wellness issues that effects around 40 million grown-up Americans. Sooner or later throughout everyday life, in any event one out of four individuals have a nervousness issue that need treatment eventually. Uneasiness issue concede per individual, while others have less serious tensions like dread of snakes or creepy crawlies thus need not look for treatment, others have extreme nerves that they should be dealt with. This paper will talk about clutters, groupings, finding and treatment of uneasiness issue (ADs). Sorts of Anxiety Disorders Tension issue are characterized into the accompanying; Frenzy Disorder Frenzy issue is named a genuine disorder that is described by unexpected dread assaults joined by shortcoming, faintness, dampness and tipsiness. During the assaults, individuals influenced by the condition feel chilled while their hands feel numb or might be shivering while they might be encountering queasiness, torment particularly in the chest or a few sensations. Fits of anxiety produce a feeling of illusion and the dread of losing control (National establishment of psychological well-being). Individuals with this sort of condition accept that they experience the ill effects of coronary episodes, can lose their psyches or are in the skirt of biting the dust. They influenced individuals can't anticipate when or where the following assault can happen. Fits of anxiety happen whenever even while snoozing and keep going for around 10 minutes or in some cases more. The condition influences around 6 million American grown-ups and is normal in ladies than men and the condition starts in late youthfulness. The condition starts as a fit of anxiety in spite of the fact that not all fits of anxiety lead to freeze issue. The propensity to have a fit of anxiety is connected to legacy. Frenzy issue is one of the above all else different scatters and early treatment of condition is prescribed to dodge agrophobia. The condition reacts well to most drug or to subjective psychotherapy. Treatment for the most part is to help the patient change thinking designs that prompts dread and later tension. Different conditions like melancholy, liquor misuse can be dealt with independently (National establishment of emotional wellness). Fixation Compulsive Disorder (OCD) This is a condition that is described by tenacious upsetting fixations (musings) and the utilization of customs (impulses) to control the tension delivered by the contemplations. Generally the impulses wind up controlling the patients (Dr. Mulholland). A model is an individual who is fixated on earth, he/she builds up an impulse to wash hands once in a while on the off chance that it is for interlopers they might be bolting and opening the entryway a few times before resting. Exaggerating such impulses is anything but a pleasurable thought in spite of the fact that it delivers a fleeting alleviation from the over the top musings. OCD influences about 2.2 million American grown-ups. The difficult at that point might be joined by other uneasiness issue or result into a downturn and can show up in youth, adolescences or early adulthood. Examination shows that OCD may run in certain families. COD indications change after some time however on the off chance that serious the condition can shield one from conveying typical obligations either at home or work. Fortunately, OCD reacts well to treatment with utilization of specific prescriptions and psychotherapy in which loosens up the patient and become less delicate (National organization of psychological wellness). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is a tension that creates after a specific frightening trial like a physical damage or a danger for the equivalent or by seeing a hurtful even. PTSD results from an assortment of horrible accidents like torment, assault, robbing, being seized or regular alarming occasion like tidal waves or floods. Individuals with the condition assuage the aggravation in their musings or as bad dreams when snoozing in what is called flashbacks. These flashbacks comprise of pictures, emotions, smell or sounds by these events. These flashbacks may cause an individual to put some distance between the real world and have the inclination that the occurrence is going on once more (National establishment of emotional well-being). Side effects start three months after the occurrence occurred and may develop years subsequently. Diverse influenced individuals have changing PSTD while others don't grow even a minor PSTD. A few people may recoup inside a brief period while others may take longer yet in certain individuals the condition become incessant. The condition might be joined by despondency, substance misuse or result into progressively other nervousness issue. PSTD influences about 7.7 million grown-up Americans however the condition can influence any individual of all ages and ladies are known to almost certain build up the condition than men in spite of the fact that proof proposes that powerlessness may run in families. Specific sorts of medication and psychotherapy are known to treat PSTD indications successfully. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) This is a tension that is created from dread of shame or embarrassment in social spots like out in the open talking. It is analyzed when individuals become very and exorbitantly reluctant in social circumstances. Individuals with the condition build up an extraordinary and relentless dread of being decided by others or by humiliating themselves. Numerous individuals may understand that they have the issue however can't conquer their feelings of trepidation (National establishment of psychological well-being). Side effects for the confusion incorporate reddening, trouble in talking and perspiring. The condition influences around 15 million grown-up Americans and ladies are well on the way to build up the condition than men. It starts in youth or at early immaturity. The condition can be dealt with effectively with utilization of specific drugs or psychotherapy. Explicit Phobias A particular fear is depicted as an extraordinary, outrageous and uncertain dread of explicit conditions or things that have no evident mischief or causes no particular peril. A portion of the basic explicit fears incorporate those focused on burrows, statures, flying, driving, pooches or wounds coming about to shedding of blood. Individuals with this sort of dread think that its difficult to confront the dreaded item or condition as it causes extreme uneasiness (National foundation of emotional wellness). This condition influences 19.2 million grown-up American and it is twice in ladies as in men. Showing up in youth, explicit fears continue into adulthood in spite of the fact that examination proposes that it might run in families. Explicit fears are known to react to focused psychotherapy and influenced individuals ought to maintain a strategic distance from the circumstance that causes nervousness. Summed up Anxiety Disorder (GAD) This is portrayed by a steady, troubled inclination that something awful will occur. Individuals experiencing misrepresented stress are excessively worried over their wellbeing, accounts, work or family issues. Stray is for the most part analyzed when an individual keeps stressing over specific issues for over a half year and the individual appears not to dispose of their interests notwithstanding understanding that they have an issue. Manifestations incorporate inability to unwind, concentrate or experiencing difficulty dozing. Physical indications incorporate weariness, muscle throb, trembling, cerebral pains, perspiring, hot flashes and naausea. With gentle conditions, these individuals can complete their obligations typically despite the fact that they can't stay away from the circumstance. Proof recommends that qualities assume a significant job in GAD and it influences kids and youthful grown-ups. Stray once in a while happens alone and accordingly different tensions go with it . Stray is treated with medicine or with subjective social treatment (Brown et al., p.155-157). Conclusion Anxiety Disorders Conclusion of ADs is finished by truly looking at the patient and surveying his/her own history. During determination, it is significant that the specialist reveals any clinical issues that might be veiled by the nervousness assault. The patient will be required to depict if there is any event of ADs in the family and if there is any contributing elements to his/her condition like an unpleasant occasion or late life changes. Any condition like over the top drinking or substance misuse or change of states of mind ought to be imparted to the specialist. Diagnosing kids is troublesome however specialists should investigate the historical backdrop of the family and intently ach the youngster being referred to (University of Maryland Medical Center). Wellbeing proficient jars additionally utilize a handbook called Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to make analyze (Cuncic) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Tension issue are treated with explicit sort of psychotherapy, prescription or both. The decision of treatment relies upon the patients inclination. Individuals with tension issue should look for clinical intercession before the condition can negatively affect them. Prescription Despite the fact that prescriptions don't fix ADs, they monitor them while the patient gets psychotherapy. Drugs are to be endorsed by doctors (typically specialists) who can offer psychotherapy or help analysts as well as social laborers to give psychotherapy. Legitimate utilization of prescription fixes numerous AD patients who would then be able to have ordinary existences by and by. A portion of the meds directed incorporate antidepressants and against nervousness drugs. Antidepressants are created to treat wretchedness and can be compelling against ADs. These medications can begin to work promptly however they take around 4 a month and a half to produce full results. A portion of the normal antidepressants incorporate specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclics and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Hostile to Anxiety Drugs incorporate the high-intensity benzadiazephines that battle tension and are known to have scarcely any reactions. Against Anxiety Drugs are normally recommended for brief periods since individuals effectively become accustomed to them. Beta-blockers like propranolol are utilized to treat heart conditions just as forestalling side effects that go with ADs (Health.com). Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the demonstration of conversing with prepared psychological wellness proficient like a clinician, social specialist or a therapist to find the reason and how t

Compare Chinese and Western education system Essay

Frequently hear such a story: Chinese guardians with kids to play in the recreation center, when the youngster fell, most guardians will pick quickly advance up kids, urge him, dont cry. Similarly, an inquiry tossed remote guardians; the vast majority of them will urge youngsters to defend you, and said he truly bold. This story is little From this issue can peep out of Chinese and western instruction contrasts on kids. Presently lets take a gander at how outside guardians training of kid. They promoter and guide the youngsters autonomy. This autonomy contains numerous angles. In cash freedom, even multimillionaire guardians additionally wont give kids a penny, yet surely not seem to let their rich circumstance, and they trust youngsters can bring in your own cash. This thought is to develop kids great monetary awareness; While in enthusiastic autonomy, they and kid relationship isn't their family members, with more companions. Companion talks between wont have irritation, there is an age hole. Guardians for the most part go about as an audience and counselors, In the character freedom they most cases are not as Å"individualism  the agent of guardians, they are all the more ready to tune in to your childs voice, instead of Å"the dictatorship . Obviously, this is just a single part of the western youngsters instruction. A valid and influence their diverse life after an increasingly basic viewpoints, similar to a promotion of Å"person  translation: unique human is in a similar even plane, at that point hole is increasingly large. For what reason would be increasingly huge? In any case, the hole is moreover? I think this one is thinking-mode distinction. Recall that somebody said such a word, outsiders to concentrate hard so as to graduation, while Chinese to concentrate hard so as to enter college. This has the learning framework is extraordinary, the educator instruction understudies thinking-mode distinction. A few people have novel and interesting innovative reasoning, so effectiveness snappier than any other individual, the impact is better than every other person. Thinking mode, particularly the one of a kind innovative perspective, need to get from child. In childrens instruction, Chinese utilizing ShuiJiaoShi, to be specific, would could it be that do what you ought to do, not what you ought to do and what ought to be finished. Over the long haul, cultivated not minds propensity, since everything has oneself solid Ëœback-bone life. In spite of the fact that fail finishs STH, additionally have motivation to vindication: daddys mom didnt let me know, I wont! At the point when the youngster develop to a specific stage, thinking in some degree, has the generalization, need again to advancement and short of what others had a Å"lively  ah. As the Å"foundation didnt play the prison, house additionally shell  same. Marx once stated, Å"Chinese predecessors was intelligent kid, and Greek precursor is ordinary children . On childrens instruction about the absence of reasoning, and our predecessors related. In early occasions of Confucius, when Greek predecessor is dream wonderful legend, our progenitors had Å"mature  rise, have compose can let mistakenly can at present famous exemplary. Obviously it is not necessarily the case that should forsake our predecessors in front of his knowledge,

Government Business Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Government Business Relation - Essay Example utilizes on the connection between the idea of globalization and the country state; all the more explicitly it will in general answer a significant inquiry of whether the job of the Government turns out to be progressively significant or in any case in a period of globalization. At first the term globalization would be characterized concerning the multifaceted significance joined to it alongside the evaluates of it being negative or positive and the elements which add to expanding this marvel, at that point the paper continues to consolidate the effect of globalization on the state, besides this examination would investigate the techniques which are accessible to overhaul the job of the state so as to beat the difficulties propelled by globalization on the cohesiveness of the state (Bertucci and Alberti, 2003, Page 1-26). All these sub themes are cardinal to the investigation of globalization; in this way each future explained in detail alongside models from various pieces of the wor ld. In exacting wording, Globalization or Globalization relates to the depiction of a procedure because of which the economies, the social orders and societies of countries all through the world have been coordinated into a trap of interdependencies, because of the all-encompassing intensity of the mechanical advancement in zones of correspondence, transport and exchange. It is regularly utilized uniquely to portray the particular idea of ‘economic globalization’ which identifies with the association of national economies into the worldwide field, through the apparatuses of exchange, FDI (remote direct venture), capital inflows and outpourings, net relocation, and the huge spread of innovation (Invest Words, 2010). Globalization has its stars and drawbacks; it presents different chances to individuals to profit by while simultaneously it has certain expenses related with it, in this way reflecting the two parts of the idea. The significant trait of globalization is the expanded degree of association between countries over the globe. The determinants at work which

Melodic Train by John Ashbery - 1341 Words

Melodic Trains Introduction and Main Theme Life is a perpetual journey into the unconscious regions of human mind, which brings up a new perspective each time an activity is stirred. The poem shows the poet sitting in a train heading towards a destination. He is not alone. There is a little girl who attracts his attention but only for a short time because later the people and scenes in and around the train capture his imagination. He feels in relation to the everything around him. According to Ashbury, ‘Life is in motion’. We spend our time in trains, boats and buses and time is fleeting like these four wheelers. Time is precious and unique. Melodic Trains is a journey of time. We come across various destinations, fall into†¦show more content†¦The poem is highly personal and in the words of Huybernsz, ‘throws the reader out of the poem’. According to one critic, the poem suggests ‘the premise of this marvelous poem is a journey around New York City.’ The opening metaphor is that of music which sets the poet in meditation and find meanings in life. The main purpose in life seems, how to live and what to do? This process of meditation begins when a little girl asks the poet time. The poet is attracted towards the jagged peaks of the mountains by the seams of his coat and later caught up in the humdrum of every day life. Rather than a meaning, the poet finds confusion, crowds and tensions everywhere. A sense of entrapment encapsulates us, we find surrounded by troubles all around us and find no way out. The Pisa figures ultimately end this process of mediation and life seems a perpetual struggle against the odds of society. We keep oscillating between the complex beginning and peaceful end and sometimes, peaceful begging and complex and disturbing end. Symbolic Elements – Melodic Trains as drama of life Only the wait in stations is vague and Dimensionless, like oneself. How do they decide how much Time to spend in each? One beings to suspect there’s no Rule or that it’s applied haphazardly. Next the train takes turns like a pencil and the poet experiences that life too is like a train full of complexity and running

Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye - 1928 Words

In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield’s story is seemingly aimless and without any sense of direction. However, Salinger brings the novel into focus in the final chapters by introducing the idea of being the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† from the poem by Robert Burns. Salinger chose the name â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† for the title of his novel, but why? The answer is that Salinger wanted to emphasize the connection between Holden, the main character, and the cryptic â€Å"Catcher.† Holden confesses his desire to Pheobe of becoming a â€Å"Catcher,† but Holden’s definition of this role is slightly lacking. It can be seen through Holden and his actions what it truly means to be a Catcher. In the text, the Catcher is meant to save people from going over the fictitious cliff that Holden imagines, so, it can be inferred that a Catcher is a savior of others and exhibits the qualities of control and bravery. Holden is also speakin g figuratively about protecting the innocence of people, thus, saving people from going over the cliff represents saving them from falling from grace. Beyond this, Holden strives to be the Catcher and by the end of the novel, it is apparent that his attitude reflects this desire. What this means is that Holden tries to imitate the demeanor of the Catcher. Holden also mirrors his new temperament in his behavior throughout the story. The desire to be the Catcher in the Rye shows the audience how Holden is an altruistic being who attempts to use his qualitiesShow MoreRelatedHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1416 Words   |  6 PagesIt is evident that the protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. Due to Allie’s death, Holden’s actions elicit his own views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden has tunnel-vision to living a simple, happy life and isolates himself from those around him who understand the concept of growing up. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s emotion, theRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1213 Words   |  5 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger’s protagonist, Holden Caulfield suffers from depression due to the death of his younger brother, Allie. Allie’s premature passing elicits Holden’s cynical views of the world and the â€Å"phonies† around him.   Holden isolates himself from those around him in order to shy away from the complexities of life. Salinger uses a hat, a museum, and a merry-go-round to illuminate Holden’s inner turmoil with people, the notion of adulthood, and growing up. Sigmund Freud’sRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 1331 Words   |  6 PagesAre 50’s teens able to survive the hurtful but unavoidable transition of becoming a grown up as th ey struggle with the changes that come along with it? JD. Salinger’s 1951 book, The Catcher in the Rye, shows us how society treated their confused and changing teenagers during their transition into adulthood. The book’s main character Holden Caulfield is being pressured into growing up even though he doesn’t feel ready, to lead an adult life. He is still struggling socially and mourning for his deceasedRead MoreAn Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 900 Words   |  4 Pagesstory The Catcher in the Rye the 16-year-old protagonist, Holden Caulfield, experiences a conflict that makes him want to relive his childhood memories. Holden has so much hatred toward the adult world and he thinks adults are very phony and lame. J.D Salinger delves into the mentality of a boy that hates adult intimacy and sexuality. Holden ends up in a mental institution to recover from his problems and to overcome his fear of adulthood. This novel is set in the early 1950s and Holden is from NewRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye 1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is faced with multiple â€Å"phonies† that divert him from those he really holds affection for. Throughout the novel Holden shows disgust for certain characters but his ability to build relationships of intimacy are most eminent. Through Allie Caulfield, Holden is able to make a more personal connection. Seeing as how he is now dead, Allie is a savior in the eyes’ of Holden when he is in the time of need. Phoebe Caulfield, Holden’s tenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 1941 Words   |  8 Pagesenough; one cannot appreciate the blissful innocence of childhood until it has passed. The novel, The Catcher in the Rye, explores the complex and often incomprehensible transition to adulthood through the experiences of the protagonist, Holden Caulfield. J.D. Salinger uses Holden’s character to express the challenges teenagers must overcome in order to adapt and succeed in an adult society. Holden outlines the challenges he is experiencing through this time of development by striving to preserve childhoodRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye1493 Words   |  6 PagesJerome David Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, describes Holden Caulfield’s journey to understand the complexities of growing up and his purpose. In the beginning, he is in a mental hospital somewhere near Los Angeles and is writing about this â€Å"madman stuff† to a psychoanalyst. Holden flunked out of Pencey Prep and leaves his dormitory to go on a journey around New York to find his way through post-war New York society. At the same time, he is suffering from depression and is on the vergeRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye Symbolism Essay J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, is the story of Holden Caulfield’s loss of faith in society, and in particular adults. Salinger uses a number of symbols to demonstrate Holden’s rebellion against the phony facade of society and his desire to preserve the innocence of children, especially those he loves. Chief among them is Holden’s misinterpretation of Robert Burns’ poem â€Å"Comin thro’ the Rye†, wherein Holden mistakes the original line, â€Å"If a body meet aRead MoreAnalysis Of Holden Caulfield s The Catcher Rye 1308 Words   |  6 Pagesscratch, while others perish into the rubble. The same can be said for Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, a teenager that suffers and wallow in his misery behind the scene’s, yet lives a life of luxury and debauchery for all to witness. Psychoanalytical theory operates as a catalyst in analyzing and understanding Holden Caulfield in the narrative of The Catcher in the Rye. Holden is introduced as a defeatist, juvenile youngster that has just failed outRead MoreHolden s Influence On Holden Caulfield s The Catcher s The Rye 846 Words   |  4 Pagesforces that interact with one another greatly. For example, in The Catcher in the Rye, these two influences affect Holden Caulfield significantly. They have a large impact on how he views the world and other people. Whilst Holden â€Å"served the author’s purpose: to scrutinize the cruelties and banalities† of society, The Catcher in the Rye remains a work that may helps others understand the path to happiness (Coles). A concept Holden had observed from the start of the novel was the materialism and egotism

Professional Behavior, Communication, Boundaries, And...

My field experience has been wonderful so far for the first semester. I have gained valuable information for the last couple on months interning at my agency. For this self-evaluation I will be describing the1-3 and 6-9 competencies I set up at the beginning of the semester and see if I have achieved these skills. I will also address the growth and challenges I have come upon throughout this semester. For competency one on processional and ethical practice I wanted to demonstrate having a professional behavior, communication, boundaries, and writing skills throughout the semester. I also wanted to provide integrity, competence, core values, services, dignity, and worth in the agency and my clients. In addition being aware of the mandating reporting, parental consent, and legal consent in the school setting. I feel the growth in this competency I have gained a lot by the agency in proving lots of training, group supervision, and individual supervision has not only broaden my skills bu t have gained valuable knowledge of what to do in certain situations. For some of the challenges I encounter at the beginning was learning about mandating reporting and how much work it goes into calling, summiting the paperwork all this is a curial aspect when doing a CWS report. For example, when doing my first mandated report my supervisor stayed and walk me through each step to make sure I did it correctly which was wonderful and learned the right way to do a mandated report. In competencyShow MoreRelatedboundaries in a dual relationship1606 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does it mean to have boundaries in a relationship? In the profession of counseling, there is a code of ethics that guides counseling in standards that are required. The code of ethics is designed by The American Counseling Association to protect and serve clients and counselors. Boundaries can include small things such as gifts, outside of the office meeting, eating lunch, and of course physical touch, sexual relations and personally networking socially. A dual relationship can be defined asRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker : An Advocate For The Community1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sense of being unheard. Therefore, as a member of a minority population has fueled my passion of becoming a social worker and assisting others in understanding their civil rights. Foreseeing myself as a professional social worker, I image a person helping others develop coping skills during difficult situations as well as creating strategies that will result in lasting behavioral changes. In addition to my personal experiences, I would rely on my volunteer experience, academic work and employmentRead MoreThe Ten Bsw Program Competencies Help Student Students Analyze And Evaluate Professional Development1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe ten BSW program competencies help BSW students analyze and evaluate professional development. These ten competencies help social work students learn and integrate the NASW Code of Ethics into the classroom and field. The first competency based on identifying as a professional social worker requires constant self- reflection to ensure the NASW Code of Ethics are being followed, and to continue to develop as a professional. I consider self-reflection to be strength of mine as I log each day, andRead MoreComputers and Ethics1540 Word s   |  7 Pages2014 Communication is an inevitable occurrence in life and is vital to building and maintaining relationships. Individuals typically interact with family, friends, and colleagues regularly. Previously, landline phones and postal mail were popular methods of communication that individuals and businesses relied on. These venues were used to relay information, engage in transactions, and keep in touch with friends and family. As technology advanced, new and innovate ways of communication emergedRead MoreCommunication Is An Important Tool Of Exchanging An Ideas And Views789 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an important tool of exchanging an ideas and views. In this today’s world it is the means of living and surviving in the sense that without effective communication we can’t have what we want to do. It is absolutely true that we human being have to do something for survival and can’t spend our time without doing anything even if we don’t have any obligation to do. In this course of action we need to communicate with the people, with our family members if we involve in the businessRead MoreEssay Adolescents: Leave the Cell Phones At Home1676 Words   |  7 Pagesnetworks have replaced development of social skills through personal interactions. Some educators insist that cell phones provide a unique opportunity to capitalize on the learning experience in the modern classroom. Unfortunately, cell phones also provide an opportunity for adolescents to compromise their ethical values and moral standards. Adolescents are known to be source for cheating on exams, disrupting the classroom, and promoting inappropriate behaviors. 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Clayton Industries free essay sample

Declining sales, a global recession, stiff competition from Asian manufacturers, inflated operational costs, and decreasing demand for the product are all reasons why Clayton SpA is forced to reevaluate the Brescia Italy plant and make a sound business decision as to its fate. After discussions and meetings with other plant management and personnel, three options were proposed: invest additional monies into the Italian division and revive operations, target production towards absorption chillers rather than the compression chillers, or wait about six months and observe the activity of the economy before making any type of financial decision. Targeting production towards absorption chillers is the best option for Clayton in order to regain its position financially and its competitive position in the market. INTRODUCTION Clayton Industries, a business based on sales of window mounted air conditioning units sold in residential and small commercial units, was formed in 1938 in Milwaukee, WI. In the 1980s, the company decided to expand into commercial operations in North America and saw an opportunity for growth in the European market. It achieved this growth through the acquisition of four other companies, including Corliss a company that manufactured HVAC units and AeroPuro an Italian manufacturer of compression chillers. Clayton did an organization restructure in order to accommodate the global expansion and developed a new entity, Clayton Europe, to handle the European acquisitions. These acquisitions enabled Clayton to be a dominant force in that market until the global recession in 2009 at which point Claytons international divisions saw a decline in sales. Clayton SpA, the Italian division of Clayton Industries, was the most negatively impacted, suffering a 19% decline in sales and experiencing revenue losses of $1 million per month (Bartlett Barlow,2010,p. 3). Internal mismanagement, an exaggerated workforce, and the view of air conditioning units as an unnecessary American luxury by European citizens all contributed to the rapid decline in sales and loss of revenue. Facing competition from Asian manufacturers that were making the same product more efficient and less expensive also proved to be an obstacle for Clayton SpA. This contributed to the need to offer a better product at a cheaper price for Clayton SpA to remain competitive and profitable in this market. In reaction to all of these issues being faced by Clayton, all country management was asked to participate in a 10/10/10 plan which entailed cutting days receivables and days in inventory by 10 days each and reduce the labor force by 10%. The Top Four in Four initiative was also presented to country management in which they were asked to develop a plan where the product for which their division was responsible for selling would be in the top four of the European market share in four years. In this report are the options being considered and plans presented in order for Clayton SpA division to rally back from the losses it has suffered financially. INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS †¢ One strength is that the Clayton European division is now being led by more effective and goal-oriented management. The fact that they were also hired from other more successful sectors of the company enables this division to be led by individuals who already know the business and the company and draw from prior plans in order to make this division more successful. Another strength is that the initial plan put into action by Simonne Buis a few months prior to cut costs immediately freed up some monies needed for immediate restructuring and rebuilding. The ability of management to take ideas from more successful divisions of the company (i. e. Spain) can make the Italian division more profitable in the future. †¢ One potential weakness is that the financial obstacles faced by Clayton SpA due to internal mismanagement and exaggerated labor costs were there for quite some time, therefore the company must come up with a lot of money up front in order to attempt to restructure and rebuild. Another weakness is that the company is expected to jump back up into the top 4 in the next 4 years yet it is currently 5th on the list with only 7% of the market share. This goal will prove extremely difficult with current conditions. †¢ One opportunity for Clayton is that they can develop a more efficient product in order to become more competitive in the market now and in future. Another opportunity is that effectively cutting costs now can enable the company to run more efficiently in the future because it will show that the company can indeed increase profits with reduced operating expenses and liabilities, therefore offering higher shareholder equity in the end. Higher shareholder equity means the increased probability of more investors in the end. †¢ On e threat to Clayton are Asian firms, or possibly any other company that tries to operate in this market, operating more efficiently and offering a better product to consumers. Another threat is the rising costs of materials, as seen with the increase in the price of steel. PEST ANALYSIS Analysis of this firm using PEST, I have determined that the political aspect has played a major role in the business decision making in Clayton SpA. It was due to the major impact that the union had in Italy that caused the high labor costs in that division. The political relationships held by prior management seemed to influence some of the poor decision making on the part of management. The economic factor is that the global recession and slow economy in 2009 is when Clayton began to suffer huge financial losses. Clayton SpA suffered a $15 million dollar loss of stockholders equity in 2009. As seen in Exhibit 2 Clayton Industries income statement, revenues were down 19% and net loss was 12%. The social factors affecting Clayton are that for one, Europeans did not view air conditioning in their homes as a necessity. They saw it as a luxury. Additionally, Europeans were buying from local firms because they were more familiar and better priced. Technological factors affected Clayton in that the compression chillers marketed and sold by Clayton were too expensive as well as lacking in operational efficiency. The Barcelona plant manufactured specialized absorption chillers which proved to be far more profitable than the compression chillers were. The compression chillers lacked several new features that other competitors were using, therefore causing Clayton to fall behind in the market. They were operating 15% less efficiently (Bartlett Barlow,2010, p. 6). Absorption technology is a new trend that has become increasingly popular due to its use of water rather than the harmful chemicals used in compression chillers. Based on Clayton Industries’ forecast sales in exhibit 5, it is predicted that Clayton Italy will experience a growth in sales of between 5 6 % annually if the economic conditions improve. These percentages are relatively small in comparison to the huge losses suffered in 2009, therefore a more aggressive approach should be taken in order to meet the goal of being in the top four by 2013. OPTIONS There are a few possible options for Clayton to successfully attain its goals of rebounding financially and becoming one of the top four competitors in the market. One option is to regain profitability in the Italian division by increasing efficiency at the plant site, revitalization of the current product line of compression chillers through further product development, and a development of a sales and marketing plan so as to expand and increase their market share. The costs of this option are around $5 million, most of which will be spent within the first year of implementation. The pros of this plan are that revitalizing the compression chiller product line may prove profitable since the compression chillers still make up 85% of the market. Another pro is that through development of the sales and marketing team, innovative ideas by new management or a new sales and marketing team can be tested in this time of crisis. A third pro of this option is that increased efficiency at the current plant will keep the company from having to do a full restructure, therefore saving the company money in the long run. Clayton can build upon what they already have rather than tear it down and rebuild it. The cons of this option are that the companys current financial position is poor therefore coming up with the $5 million needed for start-up could prove difficult at this time. There is also a chance that the investment of the $5 million does not yield the profitable results that the company desires, therefore putting the organization in a worse position financially. Using $5 million of the companys funds will also create a diminished cash flow, possibly affecting other divisions in a negative way. Another option is to build upon the already successful market in Spain. This would enable Clayton to also partake in the new technological advancement of the absorption chiller that has given the Barcelona plant its increased profitability. Market growth of the absorption chillers is increasing and this would give Clayton an opportunity to step into a new market and work towards achieving its goal of once again being a top competitor in the market. The costs of this plan would be approximately $15 million over a period of five years. The large part of this investment would come within two to three years of plan implementation. The plan would also involve a lot of restructuring of the organization and removal of old equipment and processes. The pros of this plan are the opportunity to gain entry into a new market that appears to already be profitable for a division of Clayton. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for products that more environmentally friendly so selling the absorption chillers would satisfy that demand and increase profit. Another pro to this plan is that Spain already has licensed technology to support the production of the absorption chillers and they are already familiar with the product. Cons to this option are that it might be risky to phase out the compression chillers, which comprise of 85% of the market to invest in the absorption chillers, which are still only 15% of the market. Investing these funds not expanding or building a new office in Spain would still mean that the office in Italy would still be left in a bad position financially. Having to close the Italy office would also cause an uproar with the union officials that initially showed concern that this would occur. Another downside to this plan is the large investment amount needed to get it up and running with no guarantee that it will prove profitable in the end. If a $15 million dollar investment is made and the absorption chillers do not prove profitable, the company will have lost that investment and the loss of the Italy division. A third option is to wait until the economy becomes more stable, at least six months, before making any type of financial decision or commitment to an alternative plan. If slow economic growth and global recession continue, using millions of company funds to restructure could put the organization in a worst position in the end. The pros of this plan are thought it does allow management and the financial department a little more time before making a decision. This would allow for more research and review of economic conditions and industry trends, therefore enabling a more sensible decision. This will also still allow for the other two options to remain on the table whereas if one of the other two plans are implemented, funds will be depleted and another option will prove difficult of not impossible to attempt. The downsides to this option are that not taking any action for six months may put the company in a worse position financially. If the divisions that are lacking continue to operate in a deficit, it will put the company as a whole in turmoil. If the company is currently experiencing a loss of $1 million a month, six more months of operating in that manner would be a total loss of $6 million more.